Yiyura/Eora/Iyura/Yura
Understanding Dharug Identity
The term “Yiyura” has different interpretations, sometimes understood as “men” and other times as “people.” Here at Bayala, we follow the preference people who use the terms “Dharug Bayadyi Yiyura” to describe themselves. This translates simply to “Dharug Speaking People.” Within the language group are many family groups which sometimes are referred to clans, subgroups and/or hordes. The language is the same with these family groups. For example, the Gadigal speak Dharug Dhalang, as well as Kamayi and Bidyigal.
Distinguishing Dharug from Eora
It’s important to understand the distinction between the Dharug and Eora. While “Eora” was historically used in a broader sense to describe various Sydney regions, the Dharug people have a distinct identity and territory. Referring to Dharug people as “Eora Nation” creates confusion and redundancy – it’s like calling them “people people.”
The word Eora has also been used to weaponise against Dharug people as a way to discredit them as a mob creating a narrative that Dharug is a made up word created by academics. On a positive note, the word “Eora” itself holds significance. It’s been a powerful symbol for Sydney’s Aboriginal rights movements. However, some misuse it to downplay the distinct identity of the Dharug Speaking people, suggesting they are a separate group when they are in fact, “one language, one people, one Country.”
Respecting Identity Choices
In a contemporary context, “yiyrua/iyora/eora” is sometimes used by Aboriginal people residing in the city of Sydney and surrounding suburbs to describe their identity. This term describes those families who were forcibly removed or willingly moved to Sydney for work opportunities, at Bayala, we believe in respecting these individual and family identity choices. If you encounter an Aboriginal person who identifies as Eora, it’s not our place to correct them. Their connection to place and family history is deeply personal. However, if someone who is not Aboriginal refers to the Dharug people as “Eora,” it’s helpful to gently clarify the distinction between Dharug and “yiyrua/iyora/eora
“Are you Dharug if born on Dharug Country?
Be aware of the distinction of when being born on someone’s country and having an ancestral connection to another place. From an Aboriginal perspective in Australia, there’s a fundamental difference between being born in a place and having ancestral connection to it.
What You Can Do to be Respectful
- When referring to the Dharug people, use “Dharug Yiyura” or “Dharug people.”
- Be aware of the distinction between Dharug and Eora.Respect individual choices regarding identity.
- If necessary, politely clarify the distinction between Dharug and Eora when someone who is non-Aboriginal uses the term “yiyrua/iyora/eora.”
- By understanding these nuances, we can foster a more respectful and inclusive dialogue.
Colonial Impact
The arrival of Europeans in the late 18th century drastically altered the lives of Dharug Yiyura (people). Dispossession of land, introduced diseases, and conflict severely impacted our ancestors lives. The Dharug Dhalang language went into a decline as colonial policies discouraged its use.
Resilience and Revival
Despite these challenges, the Dharug spirit of resilience endures. Today, a dedicated movement is working towards the revival of the Dharug Dhalang language. Organisations like Bayala Aboriginal Corporation are leading the charge, offering language classes, workshops, and cultural programs.